Manifestation of Archetypes in the Encyclopedia of Afsanehaye Mardoume Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

10.29252/kavosh.2020.6069.1737

Abstract

The signs of collective unconsciousness appear as archetypes in literary works including myths, tales and legends. The question is how to look for such archetypes. Indeed, efficient methods are needed in this regard. There is also a need for a clear understanding of archetypal identities to recognize the self of tale characters by using the morphology of tales. In this study, bold archetype representations are uncovered by  analyzing mythical and symbolic backgrounds. As many as 97 Iranian stories were studied for old wisdom representation. At first, the self-characteristics, selfishness, guidance and generosity of old wisdom representations were searched in the text. The findings reveal that such characteristics exist in such characters as phoenix (for 41 times), horse (30), demon (9), fairy (4), gazelle (2), old lady (2), lion (2), dog (2), old bird (1), golden bird (1), eagle (1), crow (1), snake (1), talking bird (1), sugar bird (1) and ant (for 2 times). Accordingly, it is possible to find the characters which represent archetypal wisdom. The characters who have selfishness, guidance ability and generosity help the readers. Phoenix, horse, demon and fairy, which have mythical and symbolic values, are found to have the highest frequency. In fact, they convey a profound content of archetypes. Lion, dog, golden bird, eagle, crow, talking bird are the independent characters of the tales.

Keywords

References

 
References (In Persian)
Books:
 
- Anjavi Shirazi, Seyed Abolghasem (2014). Daughter of Narange and Toranj, Tehran: Amirkabir Iran.
- Barfar, Mohammad (2010). The Magic Mirror of Imagination. Tehran: Amirkabir. Iran.
- Burger, Arthur Asa (2001). Narrative in Folklore, Media and Everyday Life. Translated by Mohammad Reza Liravi. Tehran: Soroush. Iran.
- Beltheim, Bruno (2013). The Fascination of Myths. Translated by Akhtar Shariatzadeh. Tehran: Hermes. Iran.
-Beltheim, Bruno (2008).  A Study of Fairy Tales from Perspective of Psychology. Translated by Nasim Nekouei nayini. Esfahan: Fine Arts. Iran.
Bahar, Mehrdad (1997). Research in Iranian Mythology. Tehran: Agah. Iran.-
- Propp, Vladimir (1989). Morphology of Fairy Tales. Translated by Fereydoun Badrahai, Tehran: Tous. Iran.
- -Pournamdarian, Taghi (1996). Meeting Simorgh. Tehran: Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. Iran.
-Darvishian, Ali Ashraf and Khandan (Mahabadi), Reza (1999). Dictionary of Iranian People Legends. Tehran: Books and Culture. Iran.
-Loeffler-Delachaus, Marguerite (1987). The Secret language of Fairy Tales. Translated by Jalal Sattari. Tehran: Toos. Iran.
- Suhrawardi, Shahabuddin Yahya. (1986). Tales of Sheikh Eshragh.Edited by Jafar Modarres Sadeghi. Tehran:Markaz. Iran.
-Chevalier, Jean; Alain, Geerbarant (2006) Dictionnaire des Symbols. Volume 4, translated by Soodabeh Fazayeli, Tehran: Jeihoon. Iran..
-Chevalier, Jean; Alain, Geerbarant (2006) Dictionnaire of Symbols. Volume 2, translated by Soodabeh Fazayeli, Tehran: Jeihoon. Iran.
-Chevalier, Jean; Alain, Geerbarant (2006) Dictionnaire of Symbols. Volume 1, translated by Soodabeh Fazayeli, Tehran: Jeihoon. Iran.
 -Fry, Northrop (2008), Literature and Myth, Collection of Articles on Myth and Mystery. Translated by Jalal Sattari. Tehran: Soroush. Iran.
-Cassirer, Ernest (2008). Language and Myth. Translated by Mohsen Calasi. Tehran: Morvarid. Iran.
- Mahjoub, Mohammad Jafar (2008). Iranian Folklor Literature: By Effort of Hassan Zulfiqar. Volume 1. Tehran: Cheshmeh. Iran.
-Mirsadeghi, Jamal. (2009). Story elements. Tehran: Sokhan. Iran.
 
 
- Hall, Calvin. S. and Nordbay, Vernon. J. (1996). Fundamentals of Jung Analytical Psychology. Translated by Mohammad Hossein Moghbel. Tehran: University Jahad (Teacher Training Unit). Iran.
- -Yahaghi, Mohammad Jafar (2007), Dictionary  of Myths and Stories in Persian Literature. Tehran: Contemporary Culture. Iran.
Yavari, Houra (2007). Psychoanalysis and Literature. Tehran: Sokhan. Iran.-
-Jung, Carl Gustav. (2008). Men and His Symbols. Translated by Mahmoud Soltani. Tehran: Jami. Iran.
-Jung, Carl Gustav. (2001). Four Archetupes. Translated by Parvin Faramarzi. Mashhad: Astan Ghouds Razavi. Iran.
-Jung, Carl Gustav. (1992). Memories, Dreams, Thoughts. Translated by Parvin Faramarzi. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi. Iran.
Jung, Carl Gustav. (2003a). Principles of Theory and Method of Jung Analytical Psychology. -
. Iran. Translated by Parvin Rezaei. Tehran: Arjomand
 
Articles:
-M. May, Robert (1999). "The message of Religions; Tumbling into The World of Meaning" Translated by Mostafa Malekian, Haft Aseman. Vol:1. No. 1. 40 – 29.
-Jabri, Soussan. Yousefi, Sahar (2016) " Common Functions of Archetype in Iranian Travel Stories" Second International Congress of Persian Language and Literature. Shahid Beheshti University. (February 1, 2016). Tehran: Hammihan. Volume 9. 196-210.
"- Jabri, Soussan. Yousefi, Sahar . (2016). "Connection of Magical Elements and Archetyes in Tales".Culture and Folk Literature. Vol: 4.  No:11. 79-108.
-Hosseini, Maryam (2008), " Archetypal Critique of Rumi's Ghazal". Research in Persian Language and Literature. Vol: 6. No: 11. 118-97.
-Haghshenas, Ali Mohammad. Khadish Pegah (2008). "New Findings in the Morphology of Iranian Magical Myths" Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Tehran University. Vol: 59. No: 186. 27-39
-Zarshenas, Zohreh (2006). " Dual Concept of Demon in Sogdian Literature". Farhangistan Letter. Vol: 8. No: 3 (31). 140-148.
-Ghaemi, Farzad (2010). "Background and Theoretical Foundations of Mythical Criticism". Criticism.Vol: 3. No: 11 and 12. 33-56.
- Gorji, Mostafa and Zohreh Tamimdari (2012). " Comparison of Pir Moghan in Hafez's Divan with Jung's Wise Old Archetype" Mystical and Mythological Literature. Vol:8. No: 28. 177-151.
- Madiuro, Ronaldo J. And Joseph b. Wilright (2003), "Archetypes and Archetypal ". Translated by Behzad Barakat, Organon, No. 22. 281-287.
  -Maduro, Ronaldo J. And Joseph b. Wilright (2003), "Archetypes and Archetypal Ideas". Translated by Behzad Barakat, Organon, No: 22. 281-287.
-Nourian, Mehdi and Ashraf Khosravi (2013) " Study of the Old Wisdom Archetype in Shahnameh".  Poetry Research. Vol:15. No:1. 186-167.
References (In English):
-Barthes, Roland, and Lionel Duisit,( 1975). "An Introduction to The Structural Analysis of Narrative". New Literary History, Vol: 6. No: 2. On Narrative and Narratives, Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 237-272.
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics